COSTS
Free Time
The number of calendar days a container can remain at a terminal after vessel discharge without incurring demurrage charges.
Free time (also called "free days" or "port free time") is the number of calendar days that the shipping line or terminal grants for a container to remain on the terminal grounds after vessel discharge — before demurrage charges begin. Typical free time is 3 to 5 calendar days, though this varies by carrier, trade lane, terminal, and season.
Free time starts counting from the "last free day" as defined in the ocean carrier's tariff, which is typically the date of vessel discharge or the day after. Weekends and holidays may or may not count toward free time depending on the terminal's specific rules. Once free time expires, demurrage accrues daily at rates specified in the shipping line's tariff.
Free time is a critical scheduling input for drayage: a carrier receiving a pickup order must know exactly how many free days remain to prioritize which containers are at risk. At congested ports during peak seasons, terminal congestion, appointment unavailability, and chassis shortages can consume free time faster than the cargo owner expects. Many importers with time-sensitive cargo negotiate extended free time (EFT) with their ocean carrier as part of their contract, reducing demurrage exposure during periods of port disruption.